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	<title>SecurityGuy.org</title>
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	<description>The IT Security Blog</description>
	<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 15:51:10 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>Компанията vs. Social Engineering</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/cio-11/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/cio-11/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 15:39:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=267</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[При цена от няколко цента до няколко долара за пълен комплект идентифицираща информация (За България това би било ЕГН, адрес по лична карта, трите имена, номер на дебитна/кредитна карта, e-mail), можем да заключим че тя вече се превръща във валута на черния пазар. Но цената за поръчково получаване на информация за дадена компания, варира от [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://cio.bg/?call=USE~records;&amp;page=paper&amp;id=92"></a><a href="http://cio.bg/?call=USE~records;&amp;page=paper&amp;id=92"><img class="alignleft" style="margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px; border: 0px;" title="korica" src="http://idg.bg/test/cio/2008/1114145335-Korica.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="168" /></a>При цена от няколко цента до няколко долара за пълен комплект идентифицираща информация (За България това би било ЕГН, адрес по лична карта, трите имена, номер на дебитна/кредитна карта, e-mail), можем да заключим че тя вече се превръща във валута на черния пазар. Но цената за поръчково получаване на информация за дадена компания, варира от няколко хиляди и расте според големината на компанията и ценността на получената информация. Пазарът е огромен - заради голямото търсене и предлагане. И ако искаме да не сме стока на тезгяха, е време да вземем мерки. Не е достатъчно да купим оборудване за десетки хиляди евро и да спим спокойно. Трябва да обърнем особено внимание на обучение на служителите за работа с класифицирана информация, защото те са първите атакувани и често са първите паднали в боя.<br />
<span id="more-267"></span><br />
<strong>Web mining</strong></p>
<p>Днес вече не е задължително атакуващия да се рови в нета за да вади парче по парче идентифицираща информация. Социални мрежи като MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn (Oсобено LinkedIn!), сайтове за запознанства - могат за секунди да бъдат преровени чрез автоматизирани програми. Ако сте гледали филми в които служител на ФБР въвежда името на човек, и на екрана се появява цяла мрежа от хора свързани с него, неговия адрес, телефон, и хоби - такива програми вече са притежание на хората които са на лов за информация - изглеждат много красиво и смайват с функционалността си, повярвайте ми. Дори и те са безсилни обаче срещу компании и хора, които са внимателни за това което публикуват в публичното пространство.<br />
Служителите ви трябва да знаят, че всеки коментар в публичното или интернет пространство без знанието на работодателя може да причини изтичане на поверителна информация. И не е толкова важно съдържанието на коментара а това, че потенциален атакуващ може да използва тези дори малки количества информация за да се представи за вътрешен човек и да получи още повече такава.<br />
Използването на служебен мейл за цели различни от служебните трябва не само да се забрани но и да се контролира. Ако някой редовно се регистрира онлайн за какво ли не, ползвайки служебния си адрес, рано или късно адресът ще попадне не където трябва. И тук опасността не идва толкова от спам, колкото от таргетирани атаки - ако аз знам че служителят Иван Петров има мейл <a href="mailto:ivan_petrov@company.com">ivan_petrov@company.com</a>, и че той е главният счетоводител, няма да му пращам спам за виагра, а ще му пратя &#8220;методи за спестяване на време при извършване на финансов анализ&#8221; - които естествено, ще съдържат в себе си и малка изненада&#8230; И естествено информацията съдържаща се в неговия компютър ще ми е много по-полезна от тази намираща се в компютъра на неизвестен служител от компанията. Много по-трудно е да го направя, ако не мога да извлека от интернет връзката между името му, позицията му и неговата поща.<br />
Мислите, че това не е толкова вероятно да се случи на вас? Помислете пак. Веднъж при оглед на компютър на счетоводител, открих 17! вируса от типа &#8220;троянски кон&#8221;, и това при положение че имаше инсталирана антивирусна програма. Проблемът не беше технически - не беше заради неработеща антивирусна - а в това, че счетоводителя не знаеше как да се държи в интернет.<br />
При едно проучване направено много наскоро се установи, че до 15 минути! след презентация на продукт, започват таргетирани атаки срещу точно определени хора в компанията, съдържащи в себе си името на продукта а понякога и слайдове от тази презентация! Естествено, не става въпрос за български компании, но изводите са очевадни.</p>
<p><strong>Phone mining</strong></p>
<p>Социалните инженери* използват желанието на човек да помогне на колега в нужда. Един примерен сценарий:<br />
Банка. Обаждане на телефон, получен чрез социален инженеринг от друго място, или чрез проучване на уеб коментари или дори на официалния сайт на компанията. Този телефонен номер би трябвало да се знае само от служители, затова телефонния оператор вдига слушалката вече с доверие към обаждащия се.<br />
&#8220;Здравей, тук в клон Х ни падна отново връзката с основния сървър, и не знам вече какво да правя, аз съм нов(a) а тук има много важен клиент. Казва че е клиент на банката, но аз няма как да проверя - ще ти дам неговото ЕГН, и трите му имена, ще провериш ли в системата за неговия IBAN и наличност по сметка и да ми ги продиктуваш, за да сравним с това което той ми даде?&#8221;<br />
За съжаление не съм банков служител и не мога да използвам &#8220;банкови&#8221; термини, но се надявам да сте уловили есенцията на това което се случва в горния диалог.<br />
Обаждащия се не се идентифицира. Дори да е научил име на служител от съответния клон и да се представя за него, трябва да има изградени начини за автентификация с информация, която не може да се получи отвън - добра практика за това е всеки служител да има уникален идентификационен номер който може да се види в директория на служителите - но никъде извън компанията. Когато се обади някой и се представя за служител, и иска поверителна информация, винаги ще може да го попитате &#8220;А какъв е твоят id номер?&#8221; - ако каже ще се обадя по-късно, е време да проверите автентичността на обадилия се. Ако сте записали името му, намерете служебния му телефон от директния му ръководител или от служебна директория и му позвънете - ако потвърди че той се е обаждал, дайте му нужната информация. Ако каже че не знае за какво става въпрос, имаме инцидент и служителите по сигурността трябва незабавно да бъдат информирани, че някой опитва да атакува компанията. Защото ако някой се опитва да получи конфиденциална информация по телефона, едва ли това е единствената област в която ще търси пролуки.<br />
Друг начин да предотвратим изтичане на информация по телефона е като изградим изцяло вътрешна телефонна мрежа, която не е достъпна отвън. Но отново, служителите които могат да получат подобни обаждания, задължително трябва да преминат през инструктаж за това какво да очакват, как да идентифицират обаждащия се, каква информация могат да дават по телефона и каква - не, дори ако се обажда прекият им ръководител. Много често социалните инженери използват именно страха от висшестоящ когато се обаждат - много е трудно да откажеш на някой от който зависи заплатата ти, и те го знаят.<br />
Понякога атакуващите се представят за служители от ИТ отдела, които тестват нещо и искат от нищо неподозиращата секретарка да щракне на тестовия файл който току-що са и изпратили.. всеки служител трябва да е наясно с тази опасност - по-долу ще намерите примери как да се предотврати.</p>
<p><strong>Стъпки за действие:</strong><br />
Като цяло, начините за компрометиране на потребителски компютър не са много - или чрез отваряне на линк към файл в интернет, или чрез отваряне на уеб сайт който съдържа в себе си изпълним код (Java, gifar (Java в Gif файл), javascript, exploit in client OS), или чрез отваряне на атачмънт. Атачмънтът също може да не е изпълним файл а просто картинка съдържаща изпълним код (като популярния ani еxploit, който зарежда код само чрез показване на ani mouse cursor) - затова, служителят трябва да е информиран кои негови действия могат да доведат до компрометиране на неговия компютър. Ако знае кое е опасно, той няма да изпълни дори молбата на мним ИТ специалист да отвори атачмънт или да посети даден уеб адрес - ще знае, че това е опасно и ще поиска ИТ специалиста да измисли друг начин да тества системите си.<br />
Трябва да внимават за линкове имитиращи популярни уеб ресурси - като <a href="http://www.dirr.bg">www.dirr.bg</a>, или <a href="http://89.119.22.35/index.html">http://89.119.22.35/index.html</a> - линкове съдържащи IP адреси, много много рядко са легитимни. Темата за порнографията е неудобна, но трябва да бъде спомената във фирмените обучения. Информирайте хората си, че в огромна част от сайтовете съдържащи порнографски или еротични материали, има вируси - не само че преглеждането им би трябвало да е забранено (и физически невъзможно) във всяка компания от етични съображения, но и от съображения за сигурност!<br />
Ако получат мейл който съдържа брандинга на компанията като лого и фирмени цветове, който ги приканва да попълнят анкета - много е вероятно един от въпросите да е &#8220;Попълнете потребителското си име и парола за да потвърдите идентичността си&#8221; - ясно е какво се случва тогава, нали? Нека такива мейли не ги подлъгват - единственото място където който и да е служител трябва да въвежда паролата си са фирмените уеб ресурси, служебния компютър, и служебните приложения които ползва. Никога, при никакви обстоятелства никой не трябва да дава паролата си на никого!</p>
<p>Обяснявайте на служителите чрез месечни бюлетини и първоначално обучение на новопостъпили, че всичко което правят онлайн може да бъде свързано с компанията и да бъде използвано срещу тях и срещу компанията. Че те ще бъдат държани отговорни, ако са били причина за изтичане на класифицирана информация чрез необмислено държание в интернет. Обяснете им че конфиденциална информация е не само финансовото състояние на компанията, но също имена на служители, вътрешни телефонни номера, и-мейл адреси и тн. Изрично трябва да се забрани препращане на съобщения от типа &#8220;Изпрати на всичките си приятели това писмо, което ще помогне на бедното дете&#8221; и подобните му - и да се обясни, че по подобен начин се събират и-мейл адреси на всички които са получили и изпратили писмото, и след това тези адреси се използват за изпращане на спам и таргетирани атаки. Те трябва да знаят че информацията с която работят всеки ден, е обект на търсене от външни лица постоянно, и да са постоянно нащрек за хора които се опитват да я получат без да са оторизирани.<br />
Много ясно им обяснете защо не трябва да използват истинското си име и служебния си и-мейл адрес при регистрация в сайтове и форуми - никой не гарантира че сайта или форума утре няма да бъдат компрометирани, и регистрационната информация от тях - продадена и препродадена на десетки места. И повече от естествено е да знаят, че ако такъв форум бъде атакуван техните пароли ще бъдат получени от трети лица - а ако използват една и съща парола за личната си поща, служебната поща, служебния компютър и пин на банковата си карта - стоят на много, много тънък лед. Вие също.</p>
<p>Няма кой друг да го направи освен вас, техните ръководители - дори да ви се струва че да обясните на секретарката да внимава каква парола използва за регистрация в сайта за запознанства не е ваша работа, ако не го направите - вие ще сте отговорни за евентуален пробив на нейния служебен и-мейл, чрез използване на същата парола&#8230;</p>
<p>Ключови хора, които могат да станат жертви на таргетирана атака - а това са ИТ персонала, икономистите, секретарките на ръководители, дори изпълнителни директори - трябва да са наясно колко интересни са за атакуващите заради позициите си. Трябва да знаят, че докато са на служебния си компютър не трябва да отварят линкове и прикачени файлове пратени в чат или и-мейл - дори да са сигурни, че става въпрос за безобидно видео или виц. Обяснете им защо (този линк или прикачен файл могат да съдържат в себе си написан лично за тях вирус - и в такъв случай антивирусната програма няма да помогне. Ако ще посещават сайтове, нека са само известни със сигурността си и популярни уеб ресурси - всички знаем че хората браузват, но нека поне го правят отговорно.<br />
Служителите в ИТ отдела са особено уязвими заради самоувереността си и нерядко те стават най-лесната жертва за атакуващия. Правилата за всички останали, трябва да важат и за тях!</p>
<p>Презумпцията &#8220;невинен до доказване на противното&#8221; не важи когато пазим информацията. Човека който се обажда по телефона и иска от нас да нарушим правилата защото е спешно и светът ще рухне ако не го направим, трябва винаги да получава сериозна съпротива.</p>
<p>*Social engineer - човек владеещ майсторски умения в манипулиране на хора</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>CIO Publication (In Bulgarian) - Clickety-Click!</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/clickety-click/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/clickety-click/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Nov 2008 08:17:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Published]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[articles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=260</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Clickety - Click!


 Когато нелоялната конкуренция не спи, а търговията с информация е в разцвета си, е време да разберем с кого си имаме работа и да започнем да взимаме ответни мерки. Не, не с техните методи, разбира се - и обучението на персонала е добро, много добро начало.
 
 
Някога и аз си представях, че ако една [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Clickety - Click!</strong></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong></p>
<p> Когато нелоялната конкуренция не спи, а търговията с информация е в разцвета си, е време да разберем с кого си имаме работа и да започнем да взимаме ответни мерки. Не, не с техните методи, разбира се - и обучението на персонала е добро, много добро начало.</p>
<p> <img class="aligncenter" title="cio" src="http://idg.bg/test/cio/2008/1027171648-Korica1.jpg" alt="" width="120" height="165" /></p>
<p> <span id="more-260"></span></p>
<p>Някога и аз си представях, че ако една компания похарчи хиляди, десетки хиляди и понякога повече за оборудване от типа на защитни стени, системи за контрол на достъпа и други подобни продукти, данните стават все по-защитени и по-защитени. Все пак, не може да няма логика в това нали? Не може всички тези системи да не добавят добавената стойност към сигурността, каквато обещават? Разбира се, че го правят. Когато построиш защитна, дори огнена стена 2 метра висока и 2 метра широка в полето, и някой се блъска в нея, опитвайки се да мине от другата страна, той в никакъв случай няма да успее!</p>
<p>Тогава ние сме… защитени? Ще се опитам да разкажа една история - тази, която се случва всеки ден, на която съм бил свидетел нееднократно, и от която бих искал да предпазя хората които я прочетат.</p>
<p>Имало едно време един изпълнителен директор. Той много ценял информацията с която работи компанията му и я поверил в доверените ръце на най-добрите ИТ специалисти, които успял да намери. Те от своя страна намерили най-добрите решения за сигурност на пазара, купили ги, прекарали безброй безсънни нощи настройвайки всичко до най-малка подробност - до момента в който могли да кажат “Готово! Който и да се опита да ни атакува отвън - ще се провали!”. Заслужили почивката си, те се насладили на постигнатото и се заели с ежедневни задължения. Бизнесът вървял, информацията се трупала в информационната крепост на компанията, от време на време някой проверявал за дупки в стените, за ръждясали ключалки, закърпвал евентуалните дупки и продължавал напред.</p>
<p>Хората в ИТ отдела идвали и си отивали, но информацията стоява непокътната. Колкото пъти проверявали дали не е изчезнала, тя си била там! Няма по-хубаво нещо от това да се чувстваш сигурен.</p>
<p>Докато един ден, 100 от 300-те служители не получили интересен мейл в пощата си. Не се споменавало за вълшебни лекарства или нов начин за забогатяване, не! Ставало въпрос за най-елементарния случай “Помогни на дете! Препрати писмото на приятел!”. Мейлът съдържал и линк, за повече информация по въпроса. Линкът не водел до опасни сайтове, не карал хората да свалят нищо от интернет, а само да го последват - нима в това има нещо лошо? И кой не иска да помогне на горкото дете? Я да видим какво повече можем да прочетем… Clickety-Click!</p>
<p>Странно. Браузърът зарежда сайта, и се затваря от само себе си. Е, какво пък - задачите са много, продължаваме по план! Някой друг ще помогне на детето.</p>
<p>Какво се случи междувременно? В мейла нямаше вирус, затова корпоративната антивирусна програма не ни алармира. Той не съдържаше атачмънти, нито лоши думички, нито линкове към вирус дори! В сайта който някои посетиха, също нямаше нищо особено, което да алармира защитните стени… Защо се затвори прозореца на браузъра и защо това трябва да ни притесни?</p>
<p>Всъщност, ето какво се случи.</p>
<p>Посещавайки сайта, браузърът зарежда зловреден код - който дори няма нужда да е под формата на файл. Може да се съдържа в икона, скрипт, графика, анимация - няма значение формата, важен е фактът, че компютърът е изпълнил команда от някой, който не го прави с благотворителна цел! В повечето случаи, тази команда инструктира жертвата си да зареди още и още зловреден код, който много бързо и невидимо инфектира компютъра до степен в която атакуващият вече има пълен контрол над информацията в него, и в много случаи до информацията в цялата компания, след много много кратко време.</p>
<p>Защо не ни защитиха защитните стени за хиляди и десетки хиляди евро? Много просто. Де факто, не ни атакува никой отвън. Атакуваха ни собствените ни, желаещи да помогнат на бедното дете от мейла, служители! Няма почти никаква разлика между това, дали някой ще изпрати информацията собственоръчно до “атакуващия”, и това да му се даде пълен достъп до мрежата така, че да си я вземе сам. Резултатът е един и същ.</p>
<p>А какво се случва с информацията? Тя си седи непокътната. Не е изтрита, не е променена, фирмата все още разполага с нея… само че, не само *тази* фирма.</p>
<p>Много жалко, че когато ни продават продукт за защита от атаки, не ни разказват такива истории. Знам, че е много неприятно да осъзнаваме колко крехка е всъщност сигурността на информацията - но това е единственият начин да пожелаем някаква промяна. Промяна, която ще затрудни до много голяма степен всеки пожелал да открадне каквато и да е информация от компанията!</p>
<p>Какво ни трябва? Още десетки хиляди евро за нови продукти? Не. Просто трябва да разкажем историята на подчинените си. Да им обясним, до каква степен успеха на бизнеса и неговата цялостност се крепят на всеки, от секретарката до изпълнителния директор. Хубаво е да имаме и системите за сигурност, и перфектно обучения ИТ персонал, но е добре и да обучим всеки в компанията да цени информацията с която работи, и да владее елементарни правила на поведение в мрежата. Така да се каже, 10-те заповеди на информационнаа сигурност!</p>
<p>1. Почитай Информацията, защото чрез нея бизнесът расте и ти дава работа.<br />
2. Не прави неоторизирани копия на информацията, и не ги изнасяй там където няма да е защитена!<br />
3. Не споменавай напразно Информацията пред хора които не трябва да я знаят<br />
4. Давай си почивка отвреме навреме, но нека това не застрашава Информацията, не кликвай където не трябва по време на почивката си!<br />
5. Почитай Шефа и фирмената информация, за да работиш дълго във фирмата и да просперираш<br />
6. Не трий и не губи ценна информация без причина!<br />
7. Не продавай информацията на други хора!<br />
8. Не кради информация!<br />
9. Не изопачавай информацията!<br />
10.Не пожелавай информацията на фирмата за себе си!</p>
<p>Обучението на персонала - това е само началото. Но е много добро начало, което, ако е поставено добре, служи за много здрава основа на информационната крепост във всяка компания. Пожалавам успех на всички, започнали да я градят!</p>
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		<title>Install BackTrack 3 in VMWare with changes and VMWare tools</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/install-backtrack-3/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/install-backtrack-3/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Oct 2008 20:37:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[backtrack]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=250</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
]]></description>
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		<title>How to disable the use of USB storage devices</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/disable-usb-storage-devices/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/disable-usb-storage-devices/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 14:05:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[disable usb]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=225</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you ever wanted to disable the use of USB storage devices at your organization, like USB flash drives or external hard drives, this article is for you.
Look no further. You can do it with the built-in tools you have in your Active Directory environment.
First, download the Group Policy Management Console here. Install it.
To prevent [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you ever wanted to disable the use of USB storage devices at your organization, like USB flash drives or external hard drives, this article is for you.</p>
<p>Look no further. You can do it with the built-in tools you have in your Active Directory environment.<br />
First, download the Group Policy Management Console <a title="GPMC @ MS" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/a/d/b/adb5177d-01a7-4f04-bfcc-cb7cea8b5bb7/gpmc.msi">here</a>. Install it.</p>
<p>To prevent users from <strong>using</strong> usb drives, you will need <a href="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/plugins/download-monitor/download.php?id=1" title="Downloaded 56 times" >USB block ADM file (56)</a>.</p>
<p>To prevent users from <strong>writing to</strong> usb drives, you will need <a href="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/plugins/download-monitor/download.php?id=2" title="Downloaded 41 times" >USB write protect ADM (41)</a>.<br />
<span id="more-225"></span></p>
<p><strong>An additional step that needs to be performed before the above tip will work has to do with modifying the file access permissions for 2 files. You need to remove the SYSTEM access permissions from the usbstor.sys and usbstor.inf files.</strong></p>
<p>You can do so by right clicking these files &gt; Properties, then going to the Security tab. There you need to remove the line for the SYSTEM account.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Under some circumstances, the SYSTEM should have write access to these files during Service Pack installation. For example, when the SP is installed via GPO or SMS, the installation runs under the SYSTEM Account.</p>
<p>Service Pack needs to replace the files to a new version and without proper write access to the file, installation will fail&#8230; Therefore, before each SP deployment we need to allow access to the SYSTEM account for these files.</p>
<p><strong>Adding .ADM files to the Administrative Templates in a GPO</strong></p>
<p>In order to add additional .ADM files to the existing Administrative Templates section in GPO please follow the next steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>Open the Group Policy Management Console (or GPMC) from the Administrative Tools folder in the Stat menu, or by typing gpmc.msc in the Run command.Note: GPMC is not a built-in part of Windows 2000/XP/2003, and needs to be separately installed, yet remember it can only be used effectively on Windows Server 2003-based Active Directory.<br />
If you do not have GPMC or cannot install it then you&#8217;ll need to edit the GPO via the regular means, i.e. from Active Directory Users and Computers management tool (dsa.msc).</li>
<li>Right-click an existing GPO (or create an new GPO, then right-click on it) and select Edit.</li>
<li>Expand either the Computer settings or Users settings sections of the GPO. Go to the appropriate Administrative Templates section and right-click it. Select Add/Remove Templates.</li>
<li>In the Add/Remove Templates window click Add.</li>
<li>Browse to the location of the required .ADM file and click Open.</li>
<li>In the Add/Remove Templates window notice that the new .ADM file is listed, then click Close.<br />
Now re-open the Administrative Templates section and browse to the new settings location.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Disabling GPO settings filtering<br />
</strong><br />
Many custom Administrative Templates require you to remove the requirement to show policy settings that can be fully managed in the GPO editor. To do so follow the next steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>After completing the above procedure, browse to the newly added Administrative Template section.<br />
Note that the section is indeed listed, however in the right-pane is empty.</li>
<li>Right-click an empty spot in the right pane and select View &gt; Filtering.</li>
<li>In the Filtering window click to un-mark the &#8220;Only show policy settings that can be fully managed&#8221; option. Then click Ok.<br />
Notice how the available options are now displayed in the right pane.</li>
</ol>
<p>You can now configure these options as you please.</p>
<p><strong>Replicating the added .ADM files across the domain<br />
</strong><br />
When adding new .ADM files to any GPO you actually place new features in the Administrative Templates section for that GPO. These settings should be accessible from any DC, and should apply to any computer that is affected by that GPO.</p>
<p>However, if the .ADM files were added, for example, when sitting on DC1, how do you make sure they are also replicated to DC2, DC3 and so on?</p>
<p>Well, luckily for us, in most cases there are no additional configuration steps involved. When adding the new .ADM file it is automatically uploaded to the following location on the DC that was used to edit the GPO (usually - the PDC Emulator,</p>
<p>%SystemRoot%\SYSVOL\sysvol\domain name\Policies\{GPO GUID}\Adm</p>
<p>Because all of the SYSVOL folder is shared and automatically replicated all over the domain, the uploaded .ADM file will automatically replicated to all the GPO instances on all DCs in the domain.</p>
<p>However this might cause a problem when using too many templates and too many GPOs, especially on slow WAN links.</p>
<p>In Windows Server 2003, the size of the Administrative Templates has grown when compared to the same .ADM files in Windows 2000. As a result, the entire set of Administrative Templates has grown to almost 1.75MB. When you multiply this size by each Policy that SYSVOL contains, you can see that much space is devoted to these templates.</p>
<p>For example, for a large corporation with 1200 GPOs in place, the entire SYSVOL folder (where the GPOs are located on each DC) can take up more than 1GB of hard disk space. Replicating such a folder over the WAN (especially when promoting a new DC) can be very problematic.</p>
<p><strong>Removing .ADM files from an existing GPO<br />
</strong><br />
Whenever you do not need the added feature anymore you can simply reverse the process and instead of adding new .ADM files - removing them.</p>
<p>Before removing an Administrative Template, make sure you modify its policy settings and wait for Group Policy to refresh on all the computers that were supposed to be effected by the GPO. This is because removing an Administrative Template that was previously installed does not change or remove any Registry settings that the GPO deployed when Group Policy was last processed.</p>
<p><strong>UPDATE:</strong> <a href="http://www.intelliadmin.com/blog/2007/01/disable-usb-flash-drives.html">http://www.intelliadmin.com/blog/2007/01/disable-usb-flash-drives.html</a> is one good resource on locking the drives, too. Just run the exe&#8217;s from the bottom of the post and you should be fine.</p>
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		<title>Video: How to secure Windows XP - Part 2 (Advanced level)</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/video-how-to-secure-windows-xp-part-2-advanced-level/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/video-how-to-secure-windows-xp-part-2-advanced-level/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2008 19:34:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[securing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[windows xp]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=218</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is the second video on securing Windows XP for home use - for advanced users.

P.S. You may want to watch it in &#8220;full screen&#8221; mode.
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is the second video on securing Windows XP for home use - for advanced users.</p>
<p><object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="600" height="400" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="src" value="http://blip.tv/play/gcoez7UbAA" /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="600" height="400" src="http://blip.tv/play/gcoez7UbAA"></embed></object><br />
P.S. You may want to watch it in &#8220;full screen&#8221; mode.</p>
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		<title>Video: How to secure Windows XP - Part 1 (beginner level)</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/video-how-to-secure-windows-xp/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/video-how-to-secure-windows-xp/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2008 23:21:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Video]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[secure]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[securing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[tutorial]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[windows xp]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=200</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[22 minute,  beginner level video guide on securing Windows XP]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Video: Secure Windows XP - tutorial that teaches you how to secure your home or business computer.</p>
<p>Please check back for more advanced guides.</p>
<p><object classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" width="600" height="400" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0"><param name="src" value="http://blip.tv/play/gcoez6oKAA" /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="600" height="400" src="http://blip.tv/play/gcoez6oKAA"></embed></object></p>
<p>P.S. You may want to watch it in &#8220;full screen&#8221; mode.</p>
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		<title>Alarm Master Controls</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/alarm-master-controls/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/alarm-master-controls/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Sep 2008 09:18:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Alarms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=190</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Let me start by telling you that there are literally hundreds of different alarm master controls on the market. So, how do you know which one to select? As you talk to various alarm companies, you will hear some names of equipment over and over again. This is generally a good indication that that master [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let me start by telling you that there are literally hundreds of different alarm master controls on the market. So, how do you know which one to select? As you talk to various alarm companies, you will hear some names of equipment over and over again. This is generally a good indication that that master control is a popular model and will last for some time.<br />
The alarm master control consists of a box with a circuit board as well as a back-up battery in case the power should fail or an intruder deliberately turns it off. The battery should be rechargeable so that it will be ready and fully charged when you need it. When selecting an alarm, ask if it comes with this power protection.<span id="more-190"></span><br />
The master control is the brain of the alarm system. All of the wiring needs to lead in or out of this box, so it’s placement is critical. The goal here is to place the control in the most secure place within the protected area. A central closet is the most popular location. Why? If it is centrally located, it is less of a problem when running wire, and the shorter wire runs are useful in saving installation time. Try to keep the actual control box out of sight, too. You’ll see why when we look at the circumvention technique.<br />
The main function of the control is to send and receive power to and from the protection loop. Remember how in the first chapter we looked at how the detection devices act as valves turning the flow of electricity on and off in the protection loop? Well, when the alarm control senses that the power is going out and not returning, a series of actions occur. A relay is activated within the unit, which triggers another relay, which turns on an audible device such as a bell or siren. In addition, if the control is equipped with a digital communicator or similar device, the alarm monitoring station will be notified and the police will be dispatched.<br />
One of the best features of the new alarm controls is the zoning capability. A zone is a separate channel of the alarm control that alarm signals can be sent in on. An example would be putting all of the openings of the front of a building on zone 1, the rear on zone 2, and the sides on zones 3 and 4. Perhaps the fire signals will be on another zone and the holdup or medical alarm on another. As you can see, zoning the alarm properly is a giant benefit in quickly determining where the alarm is coming from or what signal is coming in. There are alarm master control units that are expandable to up to 100 zones or more. If you wanted to pinpoint each and every detection device in your home or business, it would be doable with this technology.<br />
The type of keypad is another consideration when selecting which alarm equipment to go with. Unfortunately, many people are taken in by the bells and whistles rather than how well the unit will service their needs. A keypad is used to do much more than just turn the alarm system on and off. It can incorporate many features, such as activating a duress alarm in the event “the bad guy” follows you to the door and orders you to turn the system off. With most models, you simply put in a duress code and the system will appear to shut down; however, an emergency duress signal is silently transmitted to the alarm company monitoring facility. Definitely a recommended feature.<br />
Keypads are generally placed inside the building and look basically like a telephone touch pad with an audible device and an LCD (liquid-crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode). The display tells you the condition of the system and, in the event of an alarm, what zone has been activated. The audible device will usually make a low-level sound when pushing the keys to let you know it’s alive. In the event of an actual alarm, the sound level may increase from the keypad as well as any sirens or bells that are attached to the alarm master control. I recommend that you select a touch pad that is backlit. You’ll find this feature beneficial when trying to arm or disarm the system in the dark.</p>
<p>The location of the keypad is important for convenience and, most important, good security. Number one rule: keep all the keypads inside the building. In a commercial application, placement on the interior wall near the door that the first employee enters through in the morning and the last employee leaves by at night is probably best. If they are different then use two keypads or place one in a central location between the two entrances. I know. You’re probably thinking, “If the alarm equipment is inside the building, including the keypads, how do I enter and exit the building without activating the system?” Well, you have to tolerate the shrieking sound of the sirens. Just kidding! The alarm manufacturers have included a feature in the alarm master control that enables you to enter and exit without activating the system and creating a false alarm. It is called entry/exit delay.<br />
The entry/exit delay is zonable. This means that the openings where you wish to have it can be delayed while all other openings can activate instantly when someone enters through them. As a recommendation, the only openings that should be connected to delay zones are the most frequently used doors to enter and exit the property.<br />
The time period is adjustable for both the entry and exit of the protected premises. The exit time is generally set at about 60 seconds. That means you can go to the keypad, set the system, and have 60 seconds to proceed out the door. THIS DOES NOT MEAN 61 SECONDS! Any longer and the alarm will go into the entry delay period time, and you will create a false alarm. That’s something you don’t want to do.</p>
<p>The entry delay period works in a similar fashion. For example, it’s time to leave your home and go to work in the morning. You set the alarm and walk out the door. The alarm is now set. You come home in the evening and put the key in the front door. The door opens and the alarm doesn’t activate. Is it broken? No. You are experiencing the entry delay period. The alarm will not activate immediately so that you will have enough time to get to the keypad to turn the system off.<br />
Sometimes alarm installation companies program all entry and exit times the same. They do this simply because it is easier. I recommend that the entry time be set for as little time as possible, probably 15 to 30 seconds. Just make it convenient; you don’t want to have to rush to turn off the alarm.<br />
There’s another reason why the entry delay period is critical. A burglar will have the amount of time you have set in the delay to roam around the protected premises to steal things or possibly circumvent the alarm system.<br />
I think that proper placement of the keypads in a home is a little more important because it really becomes a life-style issue, where family members may be entering and exiting at all hours of the day and night. If the system becomes awkward to use, it probably won’t be used as much as it should and maybe not at all. Consider having keypads installed near the door or doors that are most commonly used.<br />
In addition, it is recommended that a keypad be placed in the bedroom that you sleep in. I know this sounds a little odd, but here is why you should consider it. In the event of a burglary when you are sleeping in your bedroom, you will hear the alarm activate but wonder where the intrusion has taken place. If you can access the keypad easily, you could see which zone has been activated and make a location determination. If you have a duress or holdup feature, you will be able to summon the alarm monitoring station from the keypad. By doing this, they will not only receive the burglar alarm signal but also a duress signal, letting them know that you are in the building and need assistance. In some cases, the police may respond faster to the emergency.<br />
One more feature that is offered on some of the mid-to high-end security systems is a direct listen-in feature. This allows the alarm monitoring station to listen into your home in the event the system is activated. In some systems, the microphone is located in the keypad; in others, it is installed separate from the keypad in central locations in the building.<br />
The microphones in use today are very good at picking up sounds throughout a home or business. I have seen them manufactured both one-way and two-way. The one-way model allows the monitoring station to listen in only; they cannot talk back to you. The two-way models allows for conversation both ways, which is a real benefit if you have a medical problem and need to explain your condition to the monitoring station operator.<br />
I know, I know. I can hear you thinking, “I can’t remember a code, and I want to use a key instead.” Shame on you! Many of the older systems that have been around for 10 years or longer have the key-access type of on/off switch, but in all seriousness, they really aren’t very secure.</p>
<p>First of all, you find most of the key on/off devices located on the outside of buildings near the entrance doors. Also, many of the early installations don’t have any type of tamper protection on the key lock. That means that an intruder that knows what to do can turn off the entire alarm system by removing the lock and shorting the wires. Remember, even the sophisticated keypads on the market today should not be mounted outside of the protected area. Why create an invitation to have access to your security system from the outside of the building?<br />
Okay, this is the highlight of the chapter. The alarm master control equipment can be circumvented just like all of the detection devices that we have reviewed. With the detection devices, however, the circumvention technique assumed that the alarm system was in the off position while completing the task. This time, I will describe a quick down-and-dirty technique to disable the system while it is set and you are outside the building.<br />
One of the only ways to enter a building without being detected is to get to the alarm master control immediately and disable it before the signal can be generated and sent to the monitoring station. Let’s assume that the alarm system is monitored by a conventional digital communicator. And there are no audible devices such as bells or sirens connected to the system. Most systems take approximately 20 to 30 seconds to generate an alarm message to the monitoring station. Okay, you’re probably ahead of me at this point. Simply go directly to the alarm master control and cut all of the wires that lead in or out of the box. If you can perform this task in a timely manner, the conventional alarm system will become totally inoperative, including all audible devices and signal transmitting equipment. In my experience, I have seen these attempts to circumvent alarms work quite well. By the way, the tool of choice is not a pair of wire cutters-an axe seems to do the job much better.<br />
Another common question is, “What happens if I cut the wires to the keypad?” Generally, not much. The wires run back to the alarm master control, but it still would be connected to both the protection loop and monitoring station. The alarm master control needs to be taken out to be effective. As you can see, the point that we covered earlier really hits home now-that is, to have the alarm master control located in a secure position in the building that you want to protect. An ideal situation would be to have the control in a locked closet with a contact switch on the door or a motion detector in the closet connected to an instant alarm zone.<br />
Within the last few years, the alarm industry has improved the quality of these control devices, and they have become quite reliable. The decision of which one to buy will purely be a personal one depending on the features that you ultimately decide that you really need, not what the sales person wants you to have.</p>
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		<title>Bypass glass break sensors</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/bypass-glass-break-sensors/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/bypass-glass-break-sensors/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2008 11:57:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Alarms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=179</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Glass-break sensors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes. Here are the most common methods of detecting glass breakage.
Audio glass-break sensors are placed in a room next to the area to be protected. They are designed to hear the high-pitched sound of shattering glass. Some units are sensitive enough to cover an entire [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Glass-break sensors are available in a variety of shapes and sizes. Here are the most common methods of detecting glass breakage.<br />
Audio glass-break sensors are placed in a room next to the area to be protected. They are designed to hear the high-pitched sound of shattering glass. Some units are sensitive enough to cover an entire bank of windows. The disadvantage of using this type of device is that if it is too sensitive, it could hear a noise that may sound like glass breaking and activate the alarm. Since most of these devices have adjustments built into them, you’ll want to test the sensitivity carefully.<br />
In a home, the only protection that is normally used are contact switches attached to the doors and windows and possibly a motion detector in a high-traffic location. Up to this point we have not done anything to physically protect the glass. You can add a motion detector to each room of your home, but due to the cost and inconvenience, that probably isn’t a good option.<br />
The audio glass-break sensor is better because it is relatively inexpensive and won’t restrict movement in the home the way a motion detector will. Audio glass-break sensors are used to protect businesses too.<br />
Shock sensors are placed on the actual metal frame of a window and are designed to detect the shock of intrusion through that particular opening. There are some new models that act as combination shock sensors and audio units. They, come in various sizes, from as small as a quarter up to the size of a half a pack of cigarettes.<span id="more-179"></span><br />
Shock sensors are mostly used in businesses and are mounted directly on the metal frame of a bank of windows. On the picture below you can see where the sensor is located on a typical storefront window. See if you can spot them the next time you are running errands.<img src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/15.jpg" alt="" align="left" /></p>
<p>The circumvention technique used on shock sensors is the same as with other motion-detection equipment. The two wires that connect to the alarm loop need to be removed from the device and twisted. That will prevent the unit from being detected on the alarm loop and sending the signal back to the master control.<br />
<strong>Window foil</strong> is another widely used device to detect glass breakage. You’ve all seen this stuff. It looks like silver metal tape that is applied to the doors and windows of commercial buildings. For example, a glass door or window protected with foil.<br />
The foil is designed to go around the perimeter of the window, and it is always applied on the inside of the glass. The theory here is simple. The foil acts as if it were a wire protecting the window. When the window is smashed, the foil is broken by the falling glass. Because it is so thin, it breaks very easily. The flow of power is cut off to the alarm master control and the alarm system activates.<br />
This is obviously so simple that you probably are wondering why every alarm company doesn’t use it. For starters, it’s very old technology. It is also troublesome by nature. It is also very easy to circumvent.<img src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/16.jpg" alt="" align="left" /><br />
What are some of the problems with window foil? Since it is so thin, window washers can and do tear it very easily. When that happens, the alarm service person needs to stop by and do what is called a foil repair, which is really just patching up the tear in the foil. It does have a protective coating on it, but as it ages this coating disappears. Another problem is as the weather changes, the glass contracts and expands slightly. In cold weather it tends to expand and in the heat it contracts. After time, this movement can make small cracks in the window foil, which in turn causes high resistance in the alarm circuit and creates false alarms.<br />
Because of these service problems, foil is not used much anymore on new installations. There are still, however, thousands of windows protected by it.<br />
The circumvention technique for window foil is so simple anyone could do it! Please see the illustration.</p>
<p><strong>Bypass the foil</strong> - the technique here is almost the same as the others. The goal is to bypass the protection device. As you can see, both ends of the foil are connected to the alarm protection loop. What we do is remove the wires from both sides and twist them together. That’s it! The window foil is now out of the protection loop and not capable of sending signals back to the alarm master control because it is now considered to be bypassed, as shown in the pictures above.</p>
<p>The lesson learned here is that, when designing a security system for your home or business, the placement of detection devices is very important. They need to be placed in an unobstructable area and walk-tested regularly to insure their proper operation. If the motion detectors are walk-tested with the alarm control in the test position, you’ll know that they are connected properly to the protection loop and no one has disconnected them because the signals will be acknowledged by the alarm master control. If someone has circumvented the protection loop, the detection signals will not be registering at the master control.<br />
As you noticed while you read through this, almost all of the circumvention techniques are very similar. Contact switches, motion detectors, and other detections devices can be bypassed by simply twisting two wires together. I’m sure you now have a nice secure feeling about your alarm system. Yeah, right! Once again, my purpose in writing this book is not necessarily to show you how to defeat alarm systems but to show you how to protect yourself and your valuables properly.</p>
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		<title>Bypass photoelectric alarms</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/bypass-photoelectric-alarms/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/bypass-photoelectric-alarms/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Sep 2008 09:27:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Alarms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=163</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Photoelectric beams are another form of motion detection…sort of. Sort of? This type of motion detector is somewhat different than the rest. You have probably seen many forms of them and not known it. An example would be the annunciation device used in commercial establishments to let the proprietor know when someone has walked in [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photoelectric beams are another form of motion detection…sort of. Sort of? This type of motion detector is somewhat different than the rest. You have probably seen many forms of them and not known it. An example would be the annunciation device used in commercial establishments to let the proprietor know when someone has walked in the front door. Some dry cleaners happen to have one of these. Most of these are nothing more than a set of photoelectric detectors hooked into a control and a buzzer.<br />
The detector itself is quite a simple device consisting of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter emits a beam of light that is sent to the receiver. The light in the older models is quite visible; the newer models, however, use more of an invisible source and are virtually impossible to see. Please see the picture at left for the various photoelectric protection patterns.<span id="more-176"></span><br />
<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-164" title="14" src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/14.jpg" alt="" align="left" />When the photoelectric receiver no longer sees the source of light, it opens it’s internal switch and signals an alarm. This is done very quickly. A break in the light source for as little as a second will trigger an activation of the alarm system. So, guess what happens when the intruder walks into the invisible beam of light? You guess right-the beam of light is broken and sensed by the receiver, which activates a small switch inside the unit and causes a break in the protection loop. The alarm master control senses this and, yes, the alarm system activates all of the bells and whistles that are attached to it.<br />
This type of detection device is designed to operate over both short and long distances. Some models are designed to go a few hundred feet and some a few thousand. They are primarily used in two applications. The first is a large warehouse situation where a motion detector simply would not reach far enough. For instance, if you were trying to protect a long row of roll-up doors or a long aisle in a trucking company building, a photoelectric detector could be used to send an invisible beam across the entire length for excellent protection at a minimum price.<br />
The second application might be in an outdoor area such as a car dealer lot or an open storage yard. Outdoor units generally are placed in special enclosures that are tamper-resistant and equipped with small heaters so that the cover of the detector does not fog up or collect morning dew. What I mean by tamper-resistant is that the unit may have a smaller tamper switch connected to the alarm master control that will sound an alarm when the cover is removed. If the detector is so equipped, it is normally in operation only when the alarm system is on.<br />
Now we’re ready for the fun part. Circumventing is fairly simple. Let’s review. We have two units to be concerned with-the transmitter and the receiver. Since the transmitter normally only transmits light, we don’t need to be concerned with it at this time. The receiver, on the other hand, is where the critical pair of wires are. As in the other circumvention techniques, the system needs to be in the off position.<br />
The key is to identify which unit is the transmitter and which is the receiver. Not a difficult task. Look at both units. The transmitter is probably only going to have one pair of wires running into it. That pair is used to power the light source. On the other hand, the receiver should have four wires running into it-two wires for power and two going to the protection loop. It may also have a meter or monitor light on the front to let the service technician or alarm user know whether it is working or not.<br />
As with the other motion detectors that we’ve previously looked at, you must identify the two wires for power and the two for the alarm loop connection. You don’t want to disturb the power wires. Instead, you want to carefully disconnect the pair that connect to the alarm protection loop. Strip back about an inch of insulation and simply twist wires together. Don’t forget to replace the cover. All done. It’s out of service, but since the power is still connected, it will look like it’s operating perfectly.</p>
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		<title>False safety of outsourced IT</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/false-safety-of-outsourced-it/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/false-safety-of-outsourced-it/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 20:49:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Misc]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=157</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[No matter how much of your IT is outsourced, you have the feeling that the data at the datacenter is secure. Your databases and storage, sometimes your Active Directory and other servers are there. They are secure - the procedures to protect your data are usually tough to bypass and little attackers are brave and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>No matter how much of your IT is outsourced, you have the feeling that the data at the datacenter is secure. Your databases and storage, sometimes your Active Directory and other servers are there. They are secure - the procedures to protect your data are usually tough to bypass and little attackers are brave and smart (or stupid?) enough to try their luck there.</p>
<p>However, it is not at all important.</p>
<p>When somebody attacks you, they will attack your infrastructure, not the one at the datacenter. People bend much easier than equipment, and are much more succeptible to defeat. In fact, who will spend the time in breaking through tens of firewalls and protections at the datacenter, when they could bypass a single (or dual) firewall and get straight into the heart of your company?</p>
<p>New strategy. Before protecting your firewall, your DMZ (I already said in a previous post, that DMZ is useless) - protect your client computers. Yes, build your network with firewalls first, dmz second, internal network and finally client computers - but start protecting your network in depth *from* the client computers, outwards. If your accountant uses Excel, Word and Powerpoint in their work, do not allow them to run Firefox or Skype! Do not give them higher than Guest permissions on their computer! They want to install the latest screensaver? Fine, let them do it at home. No playtime at the company computer network.</p>
<p>Your system administrators, of course, need to work as administrators of their own computers. WRONG! Guest, and Run As when needed.</p>
<p>The CEO needs full access to his computer, of course! &#8230; ? - NO! Guest permissions. Unless he signs a document that he is ready to take responsibility for leaking confidential information from his computer, to the internet.</p>
<p>Think about it, and the logic will become clear. Leave one link weak, leave microscopic opening in your security - it *will* be used against you, sooner or later. Make sure you&#8217;re not responsible for it, do your job and secure as good as you can.</p>
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		<title>Bypass motion sensor alarms</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/bypass-motion-sensor-alarms/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/bypass-motion-sensor-alarms/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 14:40:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Alarms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=152</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Let’s have a look at the five most popular types of motion detectors.
Infrared motion detectors are the most widely used in security today. They are usually passive detectors, which means that they simply observe an area and don’t emit anything. They are the most frequently used motion detectors due to their low false alarm rate, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let’s have a look at the five most popular types of motion detectors.<br />
Infrared motion detectors are the most widely used in security today. They are usually passive detectors, which means that they simply observe an area and don’t emit anything. They are the most frequently used motion detectors due to their low false alarm rate, reliability, and sound overall technology. They look like small plastic boxes (see Figure 7) and can usually be found in high foot-traffic locations in homes such as hallways or stair ways. In commercial applications, they are often found covering long hallways, warehouses, office areas, or long rows of windows.<br />
<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-153" title="8" src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/8.jpg" alt="" align="left" /><br />
Motion detectors are primarily used as a backup protection. Why? Simple. Perimeter door and window protection contact switches cannot detect roof or wall entries. Contact switches are great for protecting moveable openings, but what if someone knew that the perimeter system was set and that there were no motion detectors inside? They would be able to cut through the door or window [like in all those old ALF videos] or enter through the roof or wall completely undetected because the contact switch would not sense the entry due to the fact that the door or window was not actually opened.<br />
Remember that the perimeter-protecting contact switch needs to be separated from the magnet in order to stop the flow of power back to the alarm master control and activate the alarm. If the door or window isn’t actually opened, then the contact switch is worthless in this application. As you can see the value of motion detectors as backups is great.<br />
The infrared motion detector is designed to activate when it senses a change of temperature in a room. Every item in the room radiates a certain amount of infrared energy, or heat level. When there is a change in that energy level, such as a person entering the protected area, the infrared detector senses this and opens an internal switch, interrupting the flow of electricity (which is very similar to the way the contact switch operates). And when the internal switch opens, what happens? It acts like someone turned off the faucet, preventing the electricity from getting back to the alarm master control, which activates the alarm.<br />
These devices are manufactured in various configurations that provide various protection patterns as well as protection feet. For instance, if you need to protect a large warehouse, you might think about using a motion detector designed to cover that large of an area. An office with a small amount of interior space to cover would require a less expensive short-range unit.<br />
<img src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/6.jpg" alt="" align="left" /><br />
Take a moment and go through this exercise with me. Hold your hand directly in front of you by extending your arm forward and reaching out with all five fingers as far as you can. (Why aren’t you doing this? Let’s go! Right now! Please?) This extension is similar to how an infrared motion detector works. Pretend that your hand is actually the unit and the extended fingers are the pattern of the protection area. In other words, this pattern could be referred to as a “five finger” detection pattern. If an intruder were to walk into a protected area and pass through one of those invisible infrared fingers, the device would detect that individual and activate the alarm master control.<br />
Most motion detectors, including infrared units, are designed to operate in open areas. This means that they cannot see through walls or other obstructions. Consequently, if you are using a long-range detector in a large warehouse, constant caution must be taken in placement of large pieces of inventory and equipment. If a truck or forklift is parked in front of an infrared motion detector, it could block the unit’s coverage and create a false sense of security. In a residential application, something as simple as placing a bag of groceries in front of a motion detector can prevent it from doing it’s job. That’s why we see these detectors mounted in hallways of homes at about a 5-foot height and in commercial buildings at 6 to 8 feet.<br />
The question always comes up for us pet lovers out there: “Won’t my dog or cat activate the motion detector?” The answer is both yes and no. I’m a big help, right? But please see Figures 8 and 9.<br />
<img class="alignleft size-full wp-image-153" title="8" src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/7.jpg" alt="" align="left" /><br />
In Figure 8, we see what might be considered a plain-wrap conventional protection pattern. In Figure 9, we have an example of a pet alley protection pattern. There are specific models of infrared detection devices that can be used to create this pet alley. They can be adjusted in such a way that the dog, cat, or other four-legged creature can move freely through the protected area.[Or a crawling rebel]<br />
You’re probably wondering how this is possible. Actually, there is no magic involved. The protection pattern simply is adjusted to operate on a higher path. This means that the height of the pattern is set to operate about 3 feet or more above the ground. This allows the little darlings to run freely below the protection path without being detected.<br />
Well, at least that’s how it’s supposed to work. There still needs to be a great deal of caution exercised here. If you’re directing the beam down a hallway of your home, for instance, the application will work fine. On the other hand, if you try to create a pet alley in a family room that is full of furniture, you may be asking for false alarms. Why? Simple. In case you already didn’t know it, as soon as you leave the house in the morning to go to work, your little four legged friends jump in your favorite chair for a nice day’s rest. What just happened? When Rover jumped on the couch for a nap, he probably jumped higher than what the pet alley would allow. Bingo, he just activated the alarm. The same is true when Muffy takes a wild leap in the air to try to kill that flying bug that has caught her eye.<br />
The whole idea here is to use caution when using the pet alley application. It needs to be pointing in the correct direction and in a clear area away from anything that your pet could get up on.<br />
Look for motion detectors the next time you go to the cleaners, a restaurant, or a friend’s home that is equipped with a security system. They almost always have a little red light on the front to show that they are operating properly when someone walks past the unit. It is commonly referred to as the walk test light. They really come in handy for both identifying motion detectors and seeing if they operate properly.<br />
What, another circumvention technique? Yes! Actually, there are two circumvention techniques for infrared motion detectors. The easiest way to get past one is to cover it or point it away from the area that you want to access. Cover the unit with just about anything that it can’t see through, including a cardboard box placed over it, cardboard taped top it’s front, thick cloth, wood, underwear, etc, Get the picture? If you choose this method, the detector will only see as far as the obstruction and no further. Obviously, this needs to be done when the system is off or else the detector will do it’s job and detect you and cause a bell or siren to sound.<br />
A little cautionary note. A couple of the motion detector manufacturers have begun to realize that this could be a problem and are beginning to build units that sense blockage. If these are blocked, the detectors will go into an alarm condition, which prevents the system user from being able to set the alarm. Don’t let this be a major concern, as most of the detectors on the market today don’t have this feature.<br />
The second way to circumvent a motion detector is to think of it as a door or window contact. Do you remember how we circumvented that switch? All of the devioces on the protection loop work pretty much alike, and a motion detector is no different. When it senses a motion, it activates a small relay, which I’ll refer to as a switch inside the detector. Like a contact switch, the motion detector switch operates like a faucet or valve, cutting off the flow of voltage to the alarm master control unit. The master control senses this voltage drop and activates the alarm.<br />
The big question in this situation is which two wires to strip the insulation off of and twist together, because there are four wires usually going into this device. Don’t be nervous; this is still a relatively simple procedure.<br />
Remove the cover of the motion detector. It may or may not be held on by a screw. In most cases the plastic cover just pops off with a little pressure (tells you a little something about the alarm industry-cheap, cheap, cheap). This of course needs to be done while the system is off or else you will activate the alarm.<br />
Two of the wires that you will see will be the voltage wires and two will be the alarm circuit wires. The power terminals inside the motion detector should be marked 6VDC or 12VDC. VDC means voltage direct current. DO NOT REMOVE THESE VOLTAGE WIRES! Why? No, you won’t get a shock. Rather, the master control will sense no power and the alarm user will not be able to set the system, which creates a service call to the alarm company and your deed will be discovered.<br />
The next step is to remove the two wires that are not connected to the power, strip back the insulation, and as with contact switches, simply twist them together. Congratulations, you have just learned how to circumvent another very popular security device. It looks like it still works because the power is still connected to the detector. The walk-test light will function properly, and no one will know the difference.<br />
Just for the fun of it, the next time you are in a home or business that is equipped with a motion detector, try to outsmart it. How? If you move very very slowly, I mean a snails pace, you may be able to walk directly up to the unit without activating it. This is because infrared detectors are designed to give the best coverage if they are cross-walked, that is, to walk across the protection pattern rather than directly into it. Face the detector from about 20 feet away and walk toward it. You may have better success approaching it this way rather than going across the protection pattern or protection fingers.</p>
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		<title>Bypass contact switch alarms</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/bypass-contact-switch-alarms/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/bypass-contact-switch-alarms/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Sep 2008 14:09:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Alarms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=130</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Contact switches are the most frequently used pieces of alarm detection equipment and, interestingly, are the easiest to circumvent. They are typically applied to moveable doors and windows in both homes and businesses. They come in many shapes and sizes and are available in various colors, though the most common are gray and brown.
The contact [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Contact switches are the most frequently used pieces of alarm detection equipment and, interestingly, are the easiest to circumvent. They are typically applied to moveable doors and windows in both homes and businesses. They come in many shapes and sizes and are available in various colors, though the most common are gray and brown.<br />
The contact switch consists of a switch and a magnet. You guessed it – when properly aligned, the magnet holds the switch closed. In Figure 2, <img class=" alignleft size-full wp-image-131 alignleft" style="margin: 5px; border: 0px;" title="2" src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/2.jpg" alt="" width="310" height="286" align="left" />the switch is being held together by the magnet that is placed directly below it. In Figure 3, the switch is open position because the magnet is no longer there to hold it together.<br />
<img class=" alignleft size-full wp-image-131 alignleft" style="margin: 5px; border: 0px;" title="2" src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/3.jpg" alt="" width="310" height="286" align="left" /><br />
The most popular type of contact switch can be seen in almost any business that has an alarm system. They are almost always found on the doors of the establishment to detect any illegal entry during closed hours. These are called surface mount switches because they are mounted on the inside surfaces of the door and door frame. The switch is mounted on the door or window frame, and the magnet is placed on the moveable part of the door or window. If the door or window is opened, the magnet will no longer be in the proper position to hold the switch closed. This will open the switch, which breaks the flow of current to the control box, which in turn trips a relay and sets off the alarm.<br />
Even though the most popular type of contact switch is surface-mounted, they also are available in a recessed version that is actually embedded in the door or window frame and hidden from view (see Figure 4). You typically find these in homes where the aesthetics are important. Most people are very sensitive to any kind of alarm wiring showing in their homes, which makes the recessed switch an ideal choice.</p>
<p>Contact switches are manufactured in various sizes and strengths, depending on the application. The size of the magnet generally corresponds to the strength. The bigger the magnet, the stronger it is; conversely, the weaker magnets tend to be small. Whether large or small, the application dictates the size and strength used. For example, the older the door or window that the contact switch is applied to, the more play it usually has. If there is too much play and the magnet strength is not adequate to compensate for the movement in the door, false alarms could result. On the other hand, if the gap between the door and the door frame is relatively small, a lighter-duty contact switch would be acceptable.<br />
Contact switches are placed in the protection loop of the alarm system and act as the faucets that we described in the first chapter. When the magnet is holding the switch closed, the electricity is able to flow freely through the protection loop and back to the alarm master control box. However whenever the magnet is moved away, the switch opens and can no longer flow through the protection loop and back to the master control. This causes it to activate the bell or siren and, if the system is connected to a monitoring facility, alert the authorities.<br />
Now the fun begins. Here is the 10-second circumvention technique. You won’t believe how simple it is to circumvent this very popular and widely used device. Keep in mind that the contact switch is a vital part of almost every alarm system ever installed. Even though this device is one of the simplest to defeat, it is still widely used.<br />
Circumventing a contact switch is as simple as twisting two wires together. In fact, most of the circumvention techniques that we will look at involve twisting two wires together. The question is which two? In the case of the contact switch it’s easy, because there are only two wires going to the switch.<br />
To completely remove that particular switch from the alarm protection loop, make sure that the alarm is off. If it is on, you will activate it by performing the following procedure.<br />
At this point you may wonder how someone with ill intent could gain access to your system while it is off. A common method of accomplishing this task is called the “inside job”. No big mystery how this name came about. The most recent crime statistics show that employee theft is one of the biggest risks to an employer. When someone on the inside sets up an alarm system for a later attack, it can normally be done without being detected easily. The person usually knows interior traffic patterns as well as the general work habits of other employees, which aids in the act of circumvention not being discovered. Bypassing the alarm can also take place in a busy environment- if a merchant were distracted by a partner in crime, the circumvention could probably be accomplished successfully.<br />
The same holds true for devious relatives who have had their selfish eyes on the family fortune. A home can be set up as easily as a business. Keep an eye on the in-laws. Do you know where your children are tonight? Repair people as well as other visitors could also be setting you up.<img class=" alignleft size-full wp-image-131 alignleft" style="margin: 5px; border: 0px;" title="2" src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/4.jpg" alt="" align="left" /><br />
Now to the technique. Simply remove the two wires connected to the top of the switch. Strip off some of the insulation or any protective coatings so that the bare wire is exposed. Under normal conditions, only 6-12 volts DC run through the wires, so you won’t get a shock by touching them. Now twist them tightly together tightly and leave disconnected from the contact switch. By doing this, the alarm protection loop will not see the opening and closing of that particular switch. Why? As far as the alarm master control knows, the system is operating properly because it will receive the voltage whether the switch is opened or closed. Since the contact switch is no longer connected to the protection loop, the master control does not see it.<br />
Look at Figures 5 and 6. In Figure 5, you see the contact switch connected properly. In Figure 6, it has been bypassed. This technique is so simple it’s amazing that more systems haven’t been circumvented this way.</p>
<p>This technique will address 99 percent of all typical alarm systems. There are a few situations where contact switches, when shorted as described above, will actually cause the alarm to activate. However, since the system is off, you will not be detected. The lesson here is to always conceal all wiring and contact switches when installing an alarm in your home or business. In most cases, surface-mount contacts can be installed in such a way that the wires are hidden in the window and door frames (the recessed version mentioned earlier). This will discourage tampering of your system.</p>
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		<title>How an alarm works</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/how-an-alarm-works/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/how-an-alarm-works/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Sep 2008 13:55:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Alarms]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=117</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Let’s have a look at how an alarm system works. Sometimes I am truly amazed at how basic it can be. I think you will be too. You won’t need to be an electronics whiz. Just sit back, relax, and be amazed.
First, both commercial and residential alarm systems for the most part work very much [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let’s have a look at how an alarm system works. Sometimes I am truly amazed at how basic it can be. I think you will be too. You won’t need to be an electronics whiz. Just sit back, relax, and be amazed.<br />
First, both commercial and residential alarm systems for the most part work very much alike . The operating theories are identical. In fact, many alarm companies use the same equipment for both.<br />
The system basically consists of an alarm master control box that works on very low voltage, usually about 6 to 12 volts. The inside of the box looks complex, but it’s really very simple. The wires come out of the control box, go around the interior of the building, and then back into the control box. This is commonly referred to as the protection loop or alarm circuit.<br />
Simple so far, right? Wrong. It gets a little more complicated now. To make the master control box activate an alarm, detection devices are connected to that protection loop that goes around the inside of the building. These devices are wired in such a way that when they are triggered, the alarm master control box will sense this and activate the alarm system. Usually a loud bell or siren will be attached to the control as well as some type of central-station monitoring. (We’ll look at individual devices and how they work in Chapter 2).<br />
To make things simple, think of the alarm master control box as a water source such as an ocean and the wires that loop around the inside of the building as a long, continuous river. The water flows out of the ocean and into the river, which does what? Right, flows around and back into the ocean again. An alarm basically works the same way. As an example, see Figure 1.<br />
<img class="size-medium wp-image-118 " style="border: 0px; margin: 5px;" title="1" src="http://www.securityguy.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/1.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="168" align="left" /><br />
The alarm control box activates when the flow of low-voltage current that runs through the wiring around the building is interrupted by one or more of the detection devices. To make this clear, let’s look at another example. Imagine that the wiring that loops around the inside of a particular building is a water pipe. If we place a shut off valve on the pipe and close the valve, the water won’t be able to complete the loop. Simple, right? Right. But rather than water current running through a pipe, electric current runs through the wiring, which goes around the perimeter of the building. Detection devices are connected individually to the loop in various configurations, each having the ability to interrupt the power flow back to the control. A steady flow of current going out of the control and returning will not activate the alarm. However, if the wiring is cut or one of the detection devices connected to that wiring loop is activated, it is just like turning off a shut-off valve. The alarm master control box senses a loss of power in the wiring loop, and this trips a relay, which activates an alarm.<br />
To review briefly, the low voltage goes out of the master control box and runs through the wires around the interior of the building and back to the control box. Detection devices are connected to that wiring loop. If they sense any problem, they act as a shut-off valve, which prevents the low voltage from going back to the control box. What happens? Since the control box senses a break in the flow, it activates and creates lots of bells and whistles. If the system is monitored, a signal will be sent to the alarm company monitoring station.<br />
It is so simple that if your having a problem following the theory, you may be wanting to believe it’s more difficult than it really is. This chapter is important because the other chapters are built on it. If you feel somewhat lost at this point, please review it again. As you read, the light bulb in your head will turn on as to how simple this all really is.<br />
A word about safety. I recommend that you not attempt any of the following circumvention techniques unless you have been professionally trained in the area of electricity. If you touch the wrong wires, you can be injured. Please keep in mind that the only intention of this book is to explain how alarm systems work so you can develop a more secure system for yourself.</p>
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		<title>Hackers = Water?</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/hackers-water/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/hackers-water/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Aug 2008 09:37:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Securing the OS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=107</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[That&#8217;s right. Well, I don&#8217;t mean &#8220;hackers&#8221; in their real meaning - computer professionals, able to twist the computer doing whatever they wish, for a good cause. I will use the word &#8220;hacker&#8221; in it&#8217;s more popular meaning - computer criminal, again, able to twist your computer, but not for a good cause&#8230;
What are they [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That&#8217;s right. Well, I don&#8217;t mean &#8220;hackers&#8221; in their real meaning - computer professionals, able to twist the computer doing whatever they wish, for a good cause. I will use the word &#8220;hacker&#8221; in it&#8217;s more popular meaning - computer criminal, again, able to twist your computer, but not for a good cause&#8230;</p>
<p>What are they like?<br />
Well, they don&#8217;t like meeting obstacles. They hate beating their head against your firewall. They hate spending weeks and months in searching for a hole in your security systems - but hmm, if it&#8217;s worth it, they will. They will (and have done it with lots of companies) sometimes wait and search for YEARS, until they finally break your defenses.</p>
<p>The hacker society is just like water in a mountain - it builds it&#8217;s way slowly through the solid rock, builds whole caves - and nothing can stop it, if it is allowed to flow long enough. Eventually, they (we?) will get to you.</p>
<p>How can you protect your company? Buying new security systems could *probably* help. Against&#8230; some scriptkiddies.</p>
<p><strong>Don&#8217;t allow the water flowing long enough to find a hole in your security. </strong></p>
<p>Just change (enhance) your security frequently enough, so they would not be able to run at your speed. Change *all* passwords for critical systems every month. Change *all* user passwords every 6 months. Update your OS on client and server machines *immediately* after a patch is issued. Never run a service with higher privileges than it needs. If possible, separate your internet facing servers from your network.</p>
<p><strong>Forget about DMZ. It just does NOT work. </strong></p>
<p>You got it? Should I repeat? <strong>Forget about DMZ.</strong>  Separate your internet facing servers from your internal network Completely. Choose completely different passwords for your internet facing servers and for your intranet facing servers. In fact you shold not have the same password for more than 1 server! If your company has DMZ connected to your internal network, and one of the DMZ servers gets compromised, it&#8217;s gone. Game over. The theory behind DMZ is like swiss cheese - holes all over it&#8217;s logic. It will slow down the attacker, but it will help him tremendously if you use DMZ.</p>
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		<title>Securing the Browser</title>
		<link>http://www.securityguy.org/securing-the-browser/</link>
		<comments>http://www.securityguy.org/securing-the-browser/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Aug 2008 09:19:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.securityguy.org/?p=104</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Well, I have searched long and wide, could not find better structured article on browser security.
Just head over at http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/securing_browser/ and do what Will Dormann and Jason Rafail tell you. 
Best of luck!
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, I have searched long and wide, could not find better structured article on browser security.</p>
<p>Just head over at <a href="http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/securing_browser/">http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/securing_browser/</a> and do what <span style="font-size: x-small;">Will Dormann and Jason Rafail tell you. </span></p>
<p>Best of luck!</p>
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